The European maritime exploration of Australia commenced in the early 17th century with the arrival of Dutch explorers. Indigenous Australians have inhabited the continent for approximately 65,000 years. It is a megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east, and mountain ranges in the south-east. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. With an area of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi), Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
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